Cholelithiasis

This session provides a structured overview of cholelithiasis.

The lecture focuses on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of gallstone disease, highlighting the major risk factors and mechanisms involved in stone formation. Common symptoms such as biliary colic, nausea, and right upper quadrant pain are reviewed together with important physical examination findings and potential complications including acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, and gallstone pancreatitis.

Diagnostic approaches are discussed with emphasis on abdominal ultrasonography as the first-line imaging modality, along with laboratory investigations and complementary diagnostic methods such as MRCP and ERCP when indicated. Different types of gallstones, associated risk factors, and disease classifications are outlined in relation to clinical management and treatment planning. Surgical treatment principles, particularly laparoscopic cholecystectomy, indications for surgery, perioperative considerations, and possible postoperative complications are presented with a practical clinical perspective.

Following the lecture, a Kahoot quiz was held to reinforce key concepts, prizes were awarded to top-performing students, and the session concluded with an interactive Q&A.